Microscopic Manifestations of Maternal Diabetes in Placental Structure

The human placenta is crucial for prenatal development and good pregnancy outcome. Maternal diabetic disorder influences normal intrauterine of individual expresses itself in the placenta. Due to progress diagnostic methods metabolic compensation macroscopic signs associated with maternal diabetes, e.g., placentomegaly, occur nowadays rarely. In microscopic picture there are no structural differences specific diabetes. However, application quantitative morphological has revealed some Stereological studies have shown significantly higher total volume peripheral villi that distorts shapes dimensions pores intervillous space, larger surface areas villous capillaries. Methods confocal microscopy 3D reconstruction gave evidence fetus reacts on hypoxia environment by enhanced angiogenesis branching tissue volumes conditioned mitotic activity. it decreases proliferative potential cells taking part enlargement key structures maternofetal transport at end pregnancy. Syncytiotrophoblast produces many factors playing important roles fetal regulation itself. Quantitative catalytic histochemistry immunocytochemistry pointed role diabetes decreased synthesis those (e.g., alkaline phosphatase, SP1 glycoprotein). presented data show contribute better understanding influence fetoplacental unit.